USA
I have added this link here also, pertaining to the viral theories of CFS/FMS..
members.aol.com/rgm1/private/menace.htm
www.emedicine.com/PED/topic705.htm<extensive info on Epstein Barr virus, including medline abstracts
pub123.ezboard.com/fsunsh...=419.topic
Heres a few more:
[Active infection with Epstein-Barr virus in two children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
Szuminska-Napiontek E, Wysocki J.
Epstein-Barr virus is common in environment. It has an organothropy to lymphoid tissue and liver tissue and the acute infection causes a mononucleosis. The aim of this study was to present two cases in children. In postmortal examination a non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed. In the first case the course was acute and in the second was chronic. In both cases the unique ethiologic factor was Epstein-Barr virus.
1: Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2000 Jun;13(2):199-214
Haematological associations of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Okano M.
Department of Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, Kita-Ku, Japan.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight human herpesviruses and is ubiquitous. Primary infection with EBV in childhood is generally silent, but often causes overt diseases such as infectious mononucleosis (IM) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). The latter occurs in immunologically compromised individuals. Historically, EBV has been thought to be aetiologically linked to human malignancies such as EBV genome-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Furthermore, studies using recent developments in molecular and immunological diagnostic approaches have suggested that this virus has a causative role in a spectrum of human diseases of previously unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection syndrome (CAEBV), EBV-related haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and certain disorders such as EBV genome-positive T-cell lymphoma, natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia/lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and gastric carcinoma. This chapter reviews recent progress regarding EBV-associated diseases. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
--------------------------------
Department of Microbiology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection occurs sporadically in a small fraction of individuals infected with EBV. A clear definition of the disease and an unambiguous diagnostic test are still lacking. In an attempt to identify a serologic marker to facilitate the diagnosis, immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) were compared with standard immunofluorescence on 39 available sera. Results by RIPA revealed that antibodies to a 120 kDa viral protein correlated with the presence of chronic active EBV infection; these antibodies were not detected in sera from other EBV-seropositive individuals, with the exception of one of two patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Also, RIPA was the most sensitive technique for detecting EBV antibodies in sera weakly or doubtfully positive for antibody to EB viral capsid antigen by indirect immunofluorescence. All these sera had antibodies to the 150 kDa protein, also known as p160, the major viral capsid antigen
1: Nippon Rinsho 1992 Nov;50(11):2617-24 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Viral infection and its causative role for chronic fatigue syndrome].
[Article in Japanese]
Okano M.
Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine.
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), of unknown etiology, have been increasingly reported. This syndrome is characterized by debilitating fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and fever. Herein, I focus on and review this syndrome from the view point of the causative role of viral infection. Since the symptoms of CFS are similar to those of chronic infectious mononucleosis (CIM) or chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection (CEBV), the role of EBV has been intensively studied. The etiological relationship between EBV and CFS, however, is questioned, like other lymphotropic viruses, including human retroviruses, adenoviruses and human herpesvirus 6. Additionally, severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome (SCAEBV) is also discussed in this review because symptoms of this disorder are similar to those of CFS but more severe in degree. Currently, the cause(s) and treatment of CFS are enigmatic and require further research and multidisciplinary study
1: In Vivo 1991 May-Jun;5(3):287-95 Related Articles
Clinical indications and diagnostic techniques of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection.
Krueger GR, Ablashi DV, Josephs SF, Salahuddin SZ, Lembke U, Ramon A, Bertram G.
Immunopathology Laboratory, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
The sixth member of the human herpesvirus family, HHV-6, causes early childhood infection with subsequent latency and antibody prevalence of about 60-80%. Active infection is related to a number of acute and chronic diseases such as exanthem subitum, certain cases of infectious mononucleosis and other immunoproliferative syndromes, autoimmune disorders and so-called postinfectious chronic fatigue syndrome. The clinical diagnosis of HHV-6 associated diseases requires detailed clinical differential diagnostic procedures and meticulous serological testing with exclusion of other herpesvirus infections or cross-reactivity between such infections. Diagnostic efforts, however, are warranted by certain indications for therapeutic intervention. The current review summarizes indications, techniques and limitations for the serological diagnosis of HHV-6 infection
1: In Vivo 1991 May-Jun;5(3):271-9 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Frequent double infection with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6 in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Bertram G, Dreiner N, Krueger GR, Ramon A, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Balachandram N.
ENT Clinic Dortmud, University Witten-Herdecke, F.R.G.
Clinical infectious mononucleosis (IM) represents a benign self-limited form of lymphoproliferative disease which is usually caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Microscopic characteristics of this lymphoproliferative disorder, however, are not ultimately specific for EBV infection, but can also be seen in infections with other lymphotropic viruses, especially of the herpesvirus family. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection can apparently be associated with a number of diseases also seen in EBV infection. Also, postinfectious chronic fatigue syndrome (PICFS) which may follow IM is in more than 60% of the cases accompanied by persistent active HHV-6 infection. We thus screened serologically 215 cases of acute IM for evidence for infection with EBV, HHV-6 and CMN. Patients were tentatively grouped into those having primary infection or reactivated (probably non-primary) infections. Cases were followed for two years to monitor changes in titers. Of all 215 cases, 211 (98.1%) were positive for EBV, 137 (63.7%) for primary infections, 21 (9.8%) for reactivated infection, and 53 (24.6%) for latent EBV. Thirty-three (15.3%) cases had primary HHV-6 infection, 63 (29.3%) active or reactivated HHV-6 infection, and 71 (33.9%) latent HHV-6. Double active EBV and HHV-6 infection, including primary and reactivated infections, amounted to 89 (39.5%) cases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers were found in 81 (37%) cases, 48 (22.3%) of which indicated latent infection and 33 (15.3%) active infection. Only two cases had evidence of active CMV infection alone, 1 cases of active CMV and HHV-6 infection. Serologic titers in 12 (5.6%) cases indicated combined active infection with CMV, EBV and HHV-6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1: J Med Virol 1991 Mar;33(3):151-8 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Chronic fatigue syndrome: I. Epstein-Barr virus immune response and molecular epidemiology.
Jones JF, Streib J, Baker S, Herberger M.
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206.
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were compared to healthy seropositive control subjects in an open study and a case-control study analyzing spontaneous transformation rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes, EBV viral genome characteristics as determined by DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms, and antibody production by Western blot analysis. Thirty percent of patients versus 8% of control subjects underwent spontaneous transformation in the two studies. Viral genome patterns were overall similar to one another, with polymorphisms frequently present in BamHI B', K, H, and Y fragments. Only one line was found with the EBNA-2B genotype. Nineteen lines were found to contain viral DNA in the linear form suggesting active lytic replication. Western blot studies suggested that ill subjects made antibodies to lytic proteins more frequently than did healthy control subjects. Lack of control of EBV outgrowth in vitro is correlated with antibody evidence of active infection in vivo in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
1: J Clin Immunol 1990 Nov;10(6):335-44 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
A chronic "postinfectious" fatigue syndrome associated with benign lymphoproliferation, B-cell proliferation, and active replication of human herpesvirus-6.
Buchwald D, Freedman AS, Ablashi DV, Sullivan JL, Caligiuri M, Weinberg DS, Hall CG, Ashley RL, Saxinger C, Balachandran N, et al.
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98121.
A 17-year-old, previously healthy woman developed an acute "mononucleosis-like" illness with an associated "atypical" pneumonitis, followed by years of debilitating chronic fatigue, fevers, a 10-kg weight loss, night sweats, and neurocognitive symptoms. Thereafter, her sister developed a similar but less severe illness. The patient developed marked, chronic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, with associated persistent relative lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytosis and with thrombocytopenia. After 3 years of illness, a splenectomy was performed, which resulted in some symptomatic improvement, prompt weight gain, and resolution of all hematologic abnormalities. Serial immunologic studies revealed a strikingly elevated number of activated B lymphocytes and a T lymphopenia, which improved but did not return to normal postsplenectomy. No causal association was found with any of several infectious agents that could produce such a lymphoproliferative illness. However, both the patient and her sister had evidence of active infection with the recently discovered human herpesvirus-6. Seven years after the onset of the illness, the patient and her sister remain chronically ill.
----------------------------
Heres another link also:
ipsapp001.lwwonline.com/s...11&U=1&T=1
This is not to say all people who have mono will be chronically ill, because many people have it, and like a cold, it goes away. But from what I have read, a serious illness or other immune system disturbance can reactivate it, similar to Shingles being from the chicken pox virus. Stress can cause alot of illnesses to reactivate. Shingles[chicken pox] also is a Herpes Virus.
members.aol.com/rgm1/private/menace.htm
www.emedicine.com/PED/topic705.htm<extensive info on Epstein Barr virus, including medline abstracts
pub123.ezboard.com/fsunsh...=419.topic
Heres a few more:
[Active infection with Epstein-Barr virus in two children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
Szuminska-Napiontek E, Wysocki J.
Epstein-Barr virus is common in environment. It has an organothropy to lymphoid tissue and liver tissue and the acute infection causes a mononucleosis. The aim of this study was to present two cases in children. In postmortal examination a non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed. In the first case the course was acute and in the second was chronic. In both cases the unique ethiologic factor was Epstein-Barr virus.
1: Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2000 Jun;13(2):199-214
Haematological associations of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Okano M.
Department of Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, Kita-Ku, Japan.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight human herpesviruses and is ubiquitous. Primary infection with EBV in childhood is generally silent, but often causes overt diseases such as infectious mononucleosis (IM) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). The latter occurs in immunologically compromised individuals. Historically, EBV has been thought to be aetiologically linked to human malignancies such as EBV genome-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Furthermore, studies using recent developments in molecular and immunological diagnostic approaches have suggested that this virus has a causative role in a spectrum of human diseases of previously unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection syndrome (CAEBV), EBV-related haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and certain disorders such as EBV genome-positive T-cell lymphoma, natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia/lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and gastric carcinoma. This chapter reviews recent progress regarding EBV-associated diseases. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
--------------------------------
Department of Microbiology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection occurs sporadically in a small fraction of individuals infected with EBV. A clear definition of the disease and an unambiguous diagnostic test are still lacking. In an attempt to identify a serologic marker to facilitate the diagnosis, immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) were compared with standard immunofluorescence on 39 available sera. Results by RIPA revealed that antibodies to a 120 kDa viral protein correlated with the presence of chronic active EBV infection; these antibodies were not detected in sera from other EBV-seropositive individuals, with the exception of one of two patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Also, RIPA was the most sensitive technique for detecting EBV antibodies in sera weakly or doubtfully positive for antibody to EB viral capsid antigen by indirect immunofluorescence. All these sera had antibodies to the 150 kDa protein, also known as p160, the major viral capsid antigen
1: Nippon Rinsho 1992 Nov;50(11):2617-24 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Viral infection and its causative role for chronic fatigue syndrome].
[Article in Japanese]
Okano M.
Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine.
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), of unknown etiology, have been increasingly reported. This syndrome is characterized by debilitating fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and fever. Herein, I focus on and review this syndrome from the view point of the causative role of viral infection. Since the symptoms of CFS are similar to those of chronic infectious mononucleosis (CIM) or chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection (CEBV), the role of EBV has been intensively studied. The etiological relationship between EBV and CFS, however, is questioned, like other lymphotropic viruses, including human retroviruses, adenoviruses and human herpesvirus 6. Additionally, severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome (SCAEBV) is also discussed in this review because symptoms of this disorder are similar to those of CFS but more severe in degree. Currently, the cause(s) and treatment of CFS are enigmatic and require further research and multidisciplinary study
1: In Vivo 1991 May-Jun;5(3):287-95 Related Articles
Clinical indications and diagnostic techniques of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection.
Krueger GR, Ablashi DV, Josephs SF, Salahuddin SZ, Lembke U, Ramon A, Bertram G.
Immunopathology Laboratory, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
The sixth member of the human herpesvirus family, HHV-6, causes early childhood infection with subsequent latency and antibody prevalence of about 60-80%. Active infection is related to a number of acute and chronic diseases such as exanthem subitum, certain cases of infectious mononucleosis and other immunoproliferative syndromes, autoimmune disorders and so-called postinfectious chronic fatigue syndrome. The clinical diagnosis of HHV-6 associated diseases requires detailed clinical differential diagnostic procedures and meticulous serological testing with exclusion of other herpesvirus infections or cross-reactivity between such infections. Diagnostic efforts, however, are warranted by certain indications for therapeutic intervention. The current review summarizes indications, techniques and limitations for the serological diagnosis of HHV-6 infection
1: In Vivo 1991 May-Jun;5(3):271-9 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Frequent double infection with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6 in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Bertram G, Dreiner N, Krueger GR, Ramon A, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Balachandram N.
ENT Clinic Dortmud, University Witten-Herdecke, F.R.G.
Clinical infectious mononucleosis (IM) represents a benign self-limited form of lymphoproliferative disease which is usually caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Microscopic characteristics of this lymphoproliferative disorder, however, are not ultimately specific for EBV infection, but can also be seen in infections with other lymphotropic viruses, especially of the herpesvirus family. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection can apparently be associated with a number of diseases also seen in EBV infection. Also, postinfectious chronic fatigue syndrome (PICFS) which may follow IM is in more than 60% of the cases accompanied by persistent active HHV-6 infection. We thus screened serologically 215 cases of acute IM for evidence for infection with EBV, HHV-6 and CMN. Patients were tentatively grouped into those having primary infection or reactivated (probably non-primary) infections. Cases were followed for two years to monitor changes in titers. Of all 215 cases, 211 (98.1%) were positive for EBV, 137 (63.7%) for primary infections, 21 (9.8%) for reactivated infection, and 53 (24.6%) for latent EBV. Thirty-three (15.3%) cases had primary HHV-6 infection, 63 (29.3%) active or reactivated HHV-6 infection, and 71 (33.9%) latent HHV-6. Double active EBV and HHV-6 infection, including primary and reactivated infections, amounted to 89 (39.5%) cases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers were found in 81 (37%) cases, 48 (22.3%) of which indicated latent infection and 33 (15.3%) active infection. Only two cases had evidence of active CMV infection alone, 1 cases of active CMV and HHV-6 infection. Serologic titers in 12 (5.6%) cases indicated combined active infection with CMV, EBV and HHV-6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1: J Med Virol 1991 Mar;33(3):151-8 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Chronic fatigue syndrome: I. Epstein-Barr virus immune response and molecular epidemiology.
Jones JF, Streib J, Baker S, Herberger M.
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206.
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were compared to healthy seropositive control subjects in an open study and a case-control study analyzing spontaneous transformation rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes, EBV viral genome characteristics as determined by DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms, and antibody production by Western blot analysis. Thirty percent of patients versus 8% of control subjects underwent spontaneous transformation in the two studies. Viral genome patterns were overall similar to one another, with polymorphisms frequently present in BamHI B', K, H, and Y fragments. Only one line was found with the EBNA-2B genotype. Nineteen lines were found to contain viral DNA in the linear form suggesting active lytic replication. Western blot studies suggested that ill subjects made antibodies to lytic proteins more frequently than did healthy control subjects. Lack of control of EBV outgrowth in vitro is correlated with antibody evidence of active infection in vivo in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
1: J Clin Immunol 1990 Nov;10(6):335-44 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
A chronic "postinfectious" fatigue syndrome associated with benign lymphoproliferation, B-cell proliferation, and active replication of human herpesvirus-6.
Buchwald D, Freedman AS, Ablashi DV, Sullivan JL, Caligiuri M, Weinberg DS, Hall CG, Ashley RL, Saxinger C, Balachandran N, et al.
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98121.
A 17-year-old, previously healthy woman developed an acute "mononucleosis-like" illness with an associated "atypical" pneumonitis, followed by years of debilitating chronic fatigue, fevers, a 10-kg weight loss, night sweats, and neurocognitive symptoms. Thereafter, her sister developed a similar but less severe illness. The patient developed marked, chronic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, with associated persistent relative lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytosis and with thrombocytopenia. After 3 years of illness, a splenectomy was performed, which resulted in some symptomatic improvement, prompt weight gain, and resolution of all hematologic abnormalities. Serial immunologic studies revealed a strikingly elevated number of activated B lymphocytes and a T lymphopenia, which improved but did not return to normal postsplenectomy. No causal association was found with any of several infectious agents that could produce such a lymphoproliferative illness. However, both the patient and her sister had evidence of active infection with the recently discovered human herpesvirus-6. Seven years after the onset of the illness, the patient and her sister remain chronically ill.
----------------------------
Heres another link also:
ipsapp001.lwwonline.com/s...11&U=1&T=1
This is not to say all people who have mono will be chronically ill, because many people have it, and like a cold, it goes away. But from what I have read, a serious illness or other immune system disturbance can reactivate it, similar to Shingles being from the chicken pox virus. Stress can cause alot of illnesses to reactivate. Shingles[chicken pox] also is a Herpes Virus.
California US
